Stenography: Alternative Forms

 Chapter-12

Explanation of alternative signs having initial hooks with suitable examples.

Stroke ef, vee, ith, thee are hooked for 'R' and 'L' and also provides alternative forms except 'Th'

First form of each pair is known as left curve as they are written with the left motion. The second form is known as right curves as they are written with right motion.

1. when standing alone and there is a preceding vowel then left curve for fr, vr, thr is to be used.
   
   
   
2. A right curve is to be used when there is a following vowel.
   
   
   
3. when initial hooked form is written with the other consonant, either form may be used to hook the legible outline. It has been observed but that left curves join better with the strokes written towards the left and right curve with the stroke written towards right.
   
   
   
4. Alternative form of 'fl' and 'vl' is used after up stroke and horizontal strokes 'kay' 'gay' and upright strokes except these left curve is being used.
   
   
   
   
   
   

Explained the intervene vowel in case of initial hook with suitable examples.

1. When a dot vowel intervene between stroke and hook. It may be indicated as a small circle instead of dot either before or after.
   
   
   
2. When a dash vowel or diphthong intervene it may be indicated by striking the sign through the strokes.
   
   
   
3. It indication of vowel is not possible it may be joined in the beginning or at the end in the case of diphthong.
   
   
   

These words are written with stroke form so as to indicate intervening vowels.

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes & Curves

 Chapter-11

        Consonant 'R' and 'L' have been defined as liquids as they mix up with the other consonants as initial hooks.

1. A small initial hook written with the right motion adds 'R' to the straight strokes and is to be pronounced as per its syllabic name i.e. basic consonant and hook.

2. There may be a preceding consonant than hooked from which is read to the final consonant.

3. 'R' hook is written inside the curve strokes.

4. Vowel and diphthong signs are placed as they are written to the simple forms.

5. Upward form of 'Ray' is not hooked initially for 'R' as we may misread it with the consonant 'Yay.

Hook 'L'

1. A small initial hook written with the left motion adds 'L' to the straight stroke.

2. 'L' Hook is written inside the curve strokes but as a large hook as compared to the 'R' hook.

3. Vowel and diphthong signs are placed as they are written to the simple forms.

4. Upward form of 'Ray' is not hooked initially for 'L' or 'R' as we may misread it with the consonant 'Way' & 'Yay'.

5. When consonant 'Ish' is hooked for 'R'. It is to be written in the downward direction. When it is hooked for 'L'. It is to be written in upward direction.

6. When consonant 'Ing' hooked initially gives the sound of 'ng-kr' or 'ng-gr'.

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Loop ST and STR

 Chapter-10

        A loop having half of the length of the stroke represents 'ST' in the beginning finally or in the middle of the word.

1. 'ST' loop when written to the straight strokes is written with the left motion.

Stop, State, Stake, Best, Post, Chest, Testify, Justify, Elastic

2. 'ST' loop is written inside the curves.

Stone, Stem, Mist, Fast, Steam, Staff, Nest

3. Like circle 'S', 'ST' loop if written in the beginning is to be read first and if written finally is to be read in the last.

4. When implied or written finally, sometime 'ST' loop provide the sound of 'ZD'.

Refused, Accused, Excused, Supposed, Deposed

STR

STR loop is never written in the beginning it is always written finally having 2/3 length of the stroke.

1. STR loop is written with the left motion when written to the straight strokes.

Poster, Duster, Chester

2. STR loop is written inside the curves.

Luster, Faster, Master, Minister, Master-piece

3. A small circle may be added to indicate the plurals or 'S' and 'ES'.

Tastes, Posters, Masters

Explain when ST & STR loops are avoided.

1. Under following conditions 'ST' and 'STR' loop should be avoided. When there is a final vowel sound.

Rust, Rusty, Honest, Honesty, Taste, Tasty

2. Sometimes to have distinctive outline 'ST' loop should be avoided.

Cost, caused

3. When a vowel is intervening between 'S' & 'T'.

Beset, Receipt

4. When a vowel is intervening between 'ST' & 'R' then 'STR' loop is to be avoided.

Posture, Pasture

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ'

 Chapter-9

1. A large initial circle represents the sound of 'SW'. This circle is always written in the beginning.

    Sweet, switch, sweep, swing, swim.

2.  A large circle written in the middle or finally gives the sound o 'SS', 'SZ' or 'ZS'. When a vowel or diphthong intervene between 'SS', 'SZ', 'ZS'. It is to be indicated within the circle itself except second place vowel of short vowel 'E'.

Exercise, exhaust, emphasize, exist, causes, noses, cases

3. Few word even if ending with the sound of 'SS' are written with the circle and stroke or stroke and circle so that to have distinctive outline from the similar words.

Possess, poses, recess, races, access, axis, pauses

4. When a large circle is used in the phrases, it gives the sound of 'As we'.

As we can, as we think, as we have, as well as.

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Stroke S & Z

 Chapter-8

Explained with suitable examples when the stroke 'S' and 'Z' is to be retain.

 1. When there is initial or final vowel sound then stroke 'S' and 'Z' is to be retained.

     Ask, aside, assume, zoo, say, sea and asleep

2. When stroke 'S' is written in the root-word then it is to be retain in the compound words and derivatives.

    Saw, sea, ceasing, ease, saw-bench, sea-sickness, unceasing, disease

3. When initial 'S' is immediately followed by a triphone then stroke is to be retain.

    Science, sewer and sighing

4. When a word is ending with the sound of 'ous' and immediately preceded by a triphone then stroke is to be retain. 

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography me career option

First of all wish a very good luck if you are interested in Stenography and I am very glad to share information about stenography.

Stenography is a good option for success in life. It is very interesting subject. There are lots of vacancies of Stenographer. It is mostly use in courts like Supreme Court, High Courts and District Courts. The  Government and as well private sector is also appoint a stenographer. It is a abbreviated symbolic system of writing with the speed i.e. 80 wpm, 100 wpm, 120 and 140 wpm. Stenographer's post is very respectable and responsible post. Stenography has its own symbols called consonants, vowels, diphthongs. There are 24 consonants, 12 vowels and 4 diphthongs. If you success as stenographer then your income is very good. You live a happy life with this job. Courts advertise every year posts of stenographer. If know about stenography you can achieve highly reputed posts like Personal Assistant, Judgement Writer, Private Secretary, Senior Scale Stenographer, Junior Scale Stenographer, Stenographer, Steno-typist. Your minimum speed for qualify the test is 80 words per minute. These tests also on the speed of 80, 100 & 120. 

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Circle S & Z

 Chapther-7

Sound of S & Z is represented by consonant form but this sound may be substituted by small circle written in the beginning in the middle or finally. It must be kept in mind that a small circle written in the beginning always represent sound of 'S' because initial sound of 'Z' is to be represented by stroke form only.

Example

There are two motions according to which circle 'S' or 'Z' is written, left motion and right motion.

1.    Circle 'S' is written inside the curve:-

2.    Circle 'S' is written outside the angle formed by two straight strokes or one upstrokes and the other straight strokes.

3.    When circle 'S' is to be written in the straight strokes or upright strokes which don't form any angle then it is written with the left form.

4.    Circle 'S' may be added to the grammalogues.

5.    When circle 'S' is preceded or follow by the consonants 'L' and that circle should be attached to a curve stroke then consonant 'L' follows the direction of circle.

6.    Circle written in the beginning is to be read first when written in the middle is to be read after the preceding stroke or when written finally is to be read in the last.

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

Stenography: Phraseography

 Chapter-6

Phraseography

Phraseography is an art of two or more words together without lifting the pen is known as Phraseography and the resultant outline is known as phraseogram

A phraseogram must possess the following qualities.

1. Facility: A phraseogram must be written with free hand without any obstruction.
2. Lineality: A good phraseogram must not ascend too for above the line and it should not descend too below the line.
3. Legibility: This is the most important quality of a phraseogram. A good phraseogram must be legible.

        The first word of a phraseogram must occupy its actual position, when it is written alone.

        Sometime, to accommodate the following word, preceding word may be slightly written upward or downward.

1. Dipthongs is abbreviated when it is written with l, m, k
   
   
   
2. 'were' is to be written in two different forms one is downward and other is upward. Either form may be used so as to obtain the legible outlines
   
   
   
3. 'He' is to be written in two different forms. One is consonant and other is grammalouge. Grammalouge form may be used in middle of the word but consonant for is to be retain when sound  of  'he' is occurring initially.
   
   
   
4. Dot and tick form of 'The'

       The is represented by a tick also. Tick form of 'the' may be written with the preceding words. It may be written from upward to downward or downward to upward. Initial sound of 'the' is never represented by tick form. It is always represented by dot form.

Phrases:-

    5.  Use of Much

         For the sake of an easier joining, the word much is sometimes written in full in phrases as below:-

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.