Stenography: How to start stenography.

 Stenography is an art of writing. It is also known as shorthand. There are 26 consonants (strokes) in this system of shorthand. Consonants are result of audible friction. Its first addition was published om the year 1837 by Sir Isaac Pitman. System invented by Sir Isaac Pitman is phonetic, when the spoken sounds are represented by shorthand character then it is defined as phonography. 

Classification of Consonants:

1. Explodents

            First eight consonants (strokes) are pronounced in such a manner that outgoing breathe is allowed to come in haste through the barriers previously closed. These are the straight strokes written in pair with light and dark impression.

                                          

2. Continuants

            These eight consonants (strokes) are the slopping curves, also written in pair first one in the light impression and second one with dark impression. These strokes are pronounced in continuous stream through the barriers partially open.

3. Nasals

            These three consonants (strokes) are known as nasals because the outgoing voice is allowed to escape through nose. These are the horizontal strokes.

4. Liquids 

    

    These two consonants (strokes) are known as liquids because they mix up with the other consonants in the form of hook and form a double consonants.

                                        

5. Coalescents

        

    These two consonants either precede or follow a vowel and unite with them to form a complete word.

                                       

6. Aspirate

            It is known as aspirate when it is not possible to use the consonants form then it is indicated as a small dot before the vowel upon which it aspirate. This consonant is written with the two different form upward and downward.

                                       

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.