Chapter-2

Definition of vowels and type of vowels:

When the mouth passage is left open in such a manner that there don't exist any audible friction and the voice breath is allowed to come through that passage then we have a vowel.

There are 12 vowel in the system of shorthand, six long vowels and six short vowels.

Long Vowels

. . . - - -

Ah a e Aw o oo

Pa may we all go too

Short Vowels

. . . - - -

a e i o u oo

That pen is not much good

The above 12 vowels may be remembered by learning the above two sentences. Long vowels are represented by heavy (dark) dot and dash, likewise short vowels are represented by light dot and light dash.

Vowel places

There are a three places on a stroke close to which a vowel is written. The place value is to be counted from where the stroke is starting.

1. In case of down strokes, vowel place value is to be counted from top to downward.

2. In case of up strokes, the vowel place value is to be counted from bottom to upward.

3. In case of horizontal strokes, the vowel place value is to be counted from left to right.

Heavy dot & dash

A heavy dot written at the first place indicate the vowel 'Ah', a heavy dot written at the second place indicate the vowel 'a', and at the third place indicate the vowel 'e'.

Likewise, a heavy dash at the first place indicate 'Aw' the second place 'o' and the third place indicate the vowel 'oo'.

Examples: