Stenography: Alternative Signs for R & H

 Chapter-4

Explanation of alternative forms of consonant 'R' & 'H' with suitable examples.

Consonant 'R' & 'H' are represented by two different forms. One downward form and other upward form so as to have easier joining with the other consonants and for clear indication of vowel.

    1. Initial 'R' is written in the downward direction when there is a preceding vowel.
                                
    2. Initial or final 'R' is written in the upward direction when followed by a vowel.

    3. Before the consonant 'M' 'R' is written in downward direction.

Consonant 'H'

In most of the cases, upward form of 'H' is given preference, but in following circumstances downward form of 'H' is to be retained.

    1. When a complete word is formed with a single consonant 'H' then downward form is to be used.

    2. Before the consonant 'Kay' and 'Gay' downward form of 'H' is to be used.

Grammalogues 

Frequently occurring words are represented in shorthand by a single sign, as for be. These words are called grammalouges or letter words and the shorthand character that represent them are called logograms.

Examples

How to start Stenography Click Here.

Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 

Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.

Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.

Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.

Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.

Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.

Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.

Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.

Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.

Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.

Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.

Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.