Sunday, 29 November 2020

Stenography: The Shun Hook

 Chapter-16

Explanation of Shun hook to the curve strokes, straight strokes, having initial attachments or without attachments.

Shun Hook is never written in the beginning of the word, it is always written finally.
  1. Shun hook is written inside the curve strokes.

  2. Straight strokes having some initial attachments then shun hook is written to the opposite direction of that attachment.

  3. Straight strokes without any initial attachments then shun hook is written to the opposite direction of the last sounded vowel.

Explanation of shun hook after strokes 'fk', 'fg', 'lk', 'lg', 't', 'd', 'r' and in the middle of the word.
  1. Shun hook is written with the right motion after the stroke 'fk' and 'vk'.

  2. After the stroke 'lk', and 'lg' shun hook is to be written with left motion.

  3. After stroke 't, d, j', shun hook is written on the right hand side even if last sounded vowel is occurring on the same side. So as to obtain the legible outline and free movement of hand.

  4. Shun hook may be written in the middle of the word where it gives the legible outline.

  5. When shun follows the circle 's' or circle 'nz' it is indicated by a small hook written on the opposite direction to the circle 's' with the same motion.

  6. Third place vowel between the circle and shun hook is indicated by the vowel sign being written outside the hook.

Second place vowel need not be indicated. It is to be read between the circle and shun hook. First place vowel do not occur between circle and shun hook.

How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
Chapter-14: N and F Hooks Click Here.
Chapter-15: Circles and Loops to final Hooks Click Here.

- No comments:

Monday, 23 November 2020

Stenography: Circles and Loops to Final Hooks

 Chapter-15

Explanation of circle and loop to straight strokes and curve strokes having final hooks with suitable examples.
  1. Sound of 'S', 'SES' or 'STR', 'SD' when hear of after the straight strokes having final hooks of 'N' these three attachments are written on the same side of hook i.e. with the right motion.
    Dance, Dances, Danced, Glance, Glances, Glanced, Spins, Spinster, Chance, Chances, Chanced and Pounce
  2. A small circle written inside the final hook 'N' which is attachment to a curve gives the heavy sound of 'NZ' irrespective of the spelling.


    Frowns, Mines, Shines
  3. Light sound of 'NS' when follows a curve stroke is to be represented by stroke & circle 'S' instead of hook so as to obtain the other related words.
    Announce, Announced, Announces, Fence, Fences, Fenced, Mince and Minces
  4. Circle 'S' may be added to the 'F' and 'V' hooks.
    Puff, Puffs, Observe, Observes, Deserves and Behaves
  5. When sound of 'NS' and 'NZ' is occurring in the middle of the word then it is to be written with the consonant for with few exceptions.


    Immensity, Density, Cancer, Transit, Exceptions, Ransom and Winsome
How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
Chapter-14: N and F Hooks Click Here.
- No comments:

Sunday, 22 November 2020

Stenography: N & F Hooks

 Chapter-14

Final hooks 'n', 'f'', and 'v' explained with suitable examples.

  1. A small hook written with the right motion at the end of the word adds sound of 'n' to the straight strokes and upright strokes. A word having initial hook of 'r' and final hook of 'n' both the hooks are written with the right motion.

  2. 'N' hook is written inside the curve strokes.

  3. 'N' hook may be written in the middle of the word where it gives the legible outline.

  4. Where there is a final vowel sound 'n' hook may be avoided.

  5. When a facile or clear outline is not obtained by using 'n' hook then retain the consonant.

F and V
  1. A small final hook written with the left motion add 'f'' or 'v' to the straight strokes or up-right strokes.

  2. A word having initial hook of 'l' and final hook of 'f' or 'v' both the hooks are written with left motion.

  3. 'F' and 'v' hook is never written to the curve strokes as such stroke may be retained.

  4. If there is final vowel sound 'f' or 'v' hook may be avoided.

  5. 'F' hook may also be written in the middle of the word.

  6. 'N' & 'F' hooks may be used in phraseography also.

How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.

- No comments:

Saturday, 14 November 2020

Stenography: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook

 Chapter-13

Explanation of circle 'S', 'SW' and 'ST' before the strokes having initial hook.
When sound of small circle 'S' large circle 'SW' and 'ST' loop is there before straight strokes having initial hook 'R'. Then these three attachments they are written in the same direction i.e. with the right motion.
In all other cases circle 'S' is written inside the initial hook, so as to indicate both circle and hook.

When there is sound of 'SKR', 'SGR' after the consonant 'T' & 'D'. Then circle 'S' is written with the left motion and hook is to be read within the circle.
When sound of 'SKR' is there after stroke 'P' and 'B' then 'R' hook may be omitted.
How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
- No comments:

Friday, 30 October 2020

Stenography: Alternative Forms

 Chapter-12

Explanation of alternative signs having initial hooks with suitable examples.

Stroke ef, vee, ith, thee are hooked for 'R' and 'L' and also provides alternative forms except 'Th'

First form of each pair is known as left curve as they are written with the left motion. The second form is known as right curves as they are written with right motion.
  1. when standing alone and there is a preceding vowel then left curve for fr, vr, thr is to be used.

  2. A right curve is to be used when there is a following vowel.

  3. when initial hooked form is written with the other consonant, either form may be used to hook the legible outline. It has been observed but that left curves join better with the strokes written towards the left and right curve with the stroke written towards right.

  4. Alternative form of 'fl' and 'vl' is used after up stroke and horizontal strokes 'kay' 'gay' and upright strokes except these left curve is being used.


Explained the intervene vowel in case of initial hook with suitable examples.
  1. When a dot vowel intervene between stroke and hook. It may be indicated as a small circle instead of dot either before or after.

  2. When a dash vowel or diphthong intervene it may be indicated by striking the sign through the strokes.

  3. It indication of vowel is not possible it may be joined in the beginning or at the end in the case of diphthong.

These words are written with stroke form so as to indicate intervening vowels.

How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
- No comments:

Friday, 23 October 2020

Stenography: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes & Curves

 Chapter-11

        Consonant 'R' and 'L' have been defined as liquids as they mix up with the other consonants as initial hooks.
1. A small initial hook written with the right motion adds 'R' to the straight strokes and is to be pronounced as per its syllabic name i.e. basic consonant and hook.


2. There may be a preceding consonant than hooked from which is read to the final consonant.
3. 'R' hook is written inside the curve strokes.
4. Vowel and diphthong signs are placed as they are written to the simple forms.
5. Upward form of 'Ray' is not hooked initially for 'R' as we may misread it with the consonant 'Yay.

Hook 'L'

1. A small initial hook written with the left motion adds 'L' to the straight stroke.
2. 'L' Hook is written inside the curve strokes but as a large hook as compared to the 'R' hook.
3. Vowel and diphthong signs are placed as they are written to the simple forms.
4. Upward form of 'Ray' is not hooked initially for 'L' or 'R' as we may misread it with the consonant 'Way' & 'Yay'.

5. When consonant 'Ish' is hooked for 'R'. It is to be written in the downward direction. When it is hooked for 'L'. It is to be written in upward direction.
6. When consonant 'Ing' hooked initially gives the sound of 'ng-kr' or 'ng-gr'.
How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
- No comments:

Wednesday, 21 October 2020

Stenography: Loop ST and STR

 Chapter-10

        A loop having half of the length of the stroke represents 'ST' in the beginning finally or in the middle of the word.
1. 'ST' loop when written to the straight strokes is written with the left motion.
Stop, State, Stake, Best, Post, Chest, Testify, Justify, Elastic

2. 'ST' loop is written inside the curves.
Stone, Stem, Mist, Fast, Steam, Staff, Nest

3. Like circle 'S', 'ST' loop if written in the beginning is to be read first and if written finally is to be read in the last.
4. When implied or written finally, sometime 'ST' loop provide the sound of 'ZD'.
Refused, Accused, Excused, Supposed, Deposed

STR
STR loop is never written in the beginning it is always written finally having 2/3 length of the stroke.
1. STR loop is written with the left motion when written to the straight strokes.
Poster, Duster, Chester

2. STR loop is written inside the curves.
Luster, Faster, Master, Minister, Master-piece

3. A small circle may be added to indicate the plurals or 'S' and 'ES'.
Tastes, Posters, Masters


Explain when ST & STR loops are avoided.
1. Under following conditions 'ST' and 'STR' loop should be avoided. When there is a final vowel sound.
Rust, Rusty, Honest, Honesty, Taste, Tasty


2. Sometimes to have distinctive outline 'ST' loop should be avoided.
Cost, caused

3. When a vowel is intervening between 'S' & 'T'.
Beset, Receipt

4. When a vowel is intervening between 'ST' & 'R' then 'STR' loop is to be avoided.
Posture, Pasture

How to start Stenography Click Here.
Chapter-1: Consonants and Joined Strokes Click Here. 
Chapter-2: Use of Vowels Click Here.
Chapter-3: Intervening Vowels and Position Click Here.
Chapter-4: Alternative Signs for R & H Click Here.
Chapter-5: Diphthongs Click Here.
Chapter-6: Phraseography Click Here.
Chapter-7: Circle S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-8: Stroke S & Z Click Here.
Chapter-9: Large Circles 'SW' and 'SS' or 'SZ' Click Here.
Chapter-10: Loop ST and STR Click Here.
Chapter-11: Initial Hooks to Straight Strokes Click Here.
Chapter-12: Alternative Forms Click Here.
Chapter-13: Circle or Loop Preceding Initial Hook Click Here.
- No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

Stenography: Exercise-12

 Legal Dictation The decision as to whether a complaint or FIR should be quashed on the ground that the offender and victim have settled t...

  • Stenography: Use of vowels.
    Chapter-2 Definition of vowels and type of vowels:           When the mouth passage is left open in such a manner that there don't exist...
  • Stenography: Intervening Vowels and Position
    Chapter-3 Definition of intervening vowel with three examples where an intervening vowel is used and explained the position of outlines.    ...
  • Stenography: Loop ST and STR
     Chapter-10          A loop having half of the length of the stroke represents 'ST' in the beginning finally or in the middle of the...